Peka Physics Form 4

1. Simple Pendulum
2. Spring
3. Hooke's Law

Contoh penulisan PEKA FIZIK

PEKA 1 : PENDULUM BOB

Inference:
The length of pendulum, l influences the period of oscillation, T.

Hypothesis:
As the length of the pendulum, l increases the period of oscillation, T increases.
OR

The longer the length of a simple pendulum, the longer the period of oscillation.
OR
The greater the length of a simple pendulum, the greater the period of oscillation.

Aim of the experiment:
To determine the relationship between the  length of the pendulum, l and the period of oscillation, T.
 
Variables:
Manipulated: The length of the pendulum, l
Responding: The period of the pendulum, T
Constant: The mass of the pendulum bob

Apparatus/Materials:
Pendulum bob, length of thread about 100 cm long, retort stand, stopwatch, metre ruler, small piece of plywood and protractor.

Setup :

Procedure:

1.  A simple pendulum is prepared.

2.  The apparatus is arranged as shown in Figure.

3. The thread is adjusted so that the length, l from the centre of the bob to the point of    

    suspension is 10 cm.

4. The bob is displaced to the side and allow to oscillate at a small angle of oscillation.

5. The time, t₁ for 10 oscillation is measured with a stopwatch.

6. The time, t₂  for another 10 oscillations is measure. The mean value t is calculated.

7. The period of oscillation, T = t/10  is  calculated.

8. The process is repeated for l = 20cm, 30cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, 60 cm and 70 cm.

9. A graph of period,  T² against length, l is plotted.

Data:

 Analysis :

Discussion:
The graph of T² versus l shows a straight line passing through the origin. This means that the period of oscillation increases with the length of the pendulum, with T² directly proportional to l.

Conclusion:
The longer the length of the pendulum, the longer the period of oscillation. The hypothesis is proven valid.

Precaution :
1. The experiment was carried out in an enclosed room to avoid the influence of wind.
2. Displace the pendulum with small angle to make sure it will oscillates in a straight line.
3. Avoid parallax error by make sure the position of the eyes is perpendicular to the reading on the stopwatch